Introduction: Medical errors are one of the major threats for the patient safety in all countries. Medication errors are the most common medical mistakes.Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a theoretical model of human error mixed method with the cultural context of the health care system is in Iran.Material and methods: This mix method study was done (quantitative – qualitative approach) in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in Tehran in 2013. The quantitative section, factors associated with medication errors in the Reason human error model were tested. The nursing staffs (n=150) were selected and completed these tools; demographic data, Velasquez (2005), Salyer (1996), Gittel et al (2000), Minick et al (2003), Wakefield et al (2005) and Rybowiak et al (1999) and organizational factors based on Reasons Human Error Model. In the qualitative section, data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 20 nurses who were selected using purposeful sampling. Using SPSS-PC (v.16), and LISREL 8.8 data were analyzed by descriptive and path analysis tests (P_value<0.01).Results: showed that the age of the majority of nurses ranged between 31 to 40 years old (44.7%) and they had 10.60±7.24 years of work experience. Model fit indices showed that the paths considered for relationship between variables was appropriately predicted. Learning climate correlated with work commitment with standardized coefficient of (r=0.40) and learning climate correlated with physician - nurse communication with standardized coefficient of (r=0.20). There was no significant relationship between other variables (such as; work environment factors: complexity of care, work dynamics, and individual factors; such as age and work experience). In the qualitative section content analysis derived three themes, individual factors: “individual characteristics and psychiatric nurses”, “error caused by doctor’s orders”, Organizational factors: “working conditions”, “nurses medical information”, “unavoidable error in nursing”, characteristics of patients and “complications of medical error” and also, Organizational culture includes “learning process” and “risk management process”. For designing model mixed these two section results could be mixed and the findings showed that factors organizational might be considerably in error occurrences.Conclusion: Nurse managers to understand organizational factors and organizational culture important to prevent these errors, take actions to eliminate these factors and reduce the incidence of medication errors in the priority of their program.

Fake News in Iran: A mixed method StudyWith the rise and spread of social media, the issue of fake news has increasingly garnered the attention of policymakers, journalists, and even the general public. Iran's unique situation and complex structure make the issue of fake news particularly significant. This research employed a sequential mixed method approach. First, a survey was conducted with 137 journalists and social media activists, who responded to questions regarding their perspectives on the proliferation of fake news in Iran and globally, and the potential roles of governments and decision-making bodies in combating fake news. After analyzing these responses, interviews were designed in which 48 media experts answered both closed and open-ended questions. Finally, by comparing the results from both phases of the research, certain findings and recommendations were formulated and presented.

Following the extension in research area and difficulty in different phenomena's research, new necessity in research is generated. So, in each project of research has used different methods. mixed method has granted opportunity to researchers to mix different dates and results in scientific framework that exploited of different methods (qualitative and quantitative methods). In this way, researchers can access the best solution for different problems and recognizing them. In this article, three movement of methodology (qualitative and quantitative and mixed methods) are mentioned and is studied the advantages of mixed method in small scale projects. For example, rural development projects, specially rural tourism.

This research based on providing five questions has tried to identify and prioritize the main and sub inhibitors of internet selling boosting in Iran. A mixed method research (QUAN) has been used in this research. In the qualitative phase, individual in-depth interviews have been done with seven e-shop managers. In this phase, 45 detailed inhibitors have been detected. These 45 inhibitors have been categorized in nine sub categories and four main categories. In the quantitative phase a 51-items questionnaires has been designed including six demographical and 45 specialized questions. Findings of the quantitative phase reveal that the main obstacles include legal, cultural, infrastructural and managerial inhibitors. In addition, sub category inhibitors include legal, governmental, telecommunication, society, human resource, transportation, financial and customer related.

The present study has been conducted with a mixed method approach to analyse a model of proactive strategic behavior for emoloyees. The research type is practical -developmental. The qualitative phase is implemented by Grounded Theory. The qualitative sector data were summarized in 18 semi-structured interviews with the selected experts of the university and organization under study and then the coding process in three distinct stages. The result of this phase of this study was extraction and design of interconnected categories in the form of Casual Conditions, Axial Conditions, Context Conditions, Intervening Conditions, Actions and Consequences of paradigm of proactive strategic behavior of employees. After identifying each of the selected template categories, each of the template elements was selected and elaborated in details. The qualitative research results set was tested in a quantitative section using a researcher-made questionnaire. For this purpose, a sample of 370 individuals for participation in the study was selected, then quantitative data set was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods and then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in PLS software.

The study tried to identify the dimensions of the market-industry construct and assess their effect on the success of commercialization. Due to the lack of relevant theoretical underpinning and the lack of necessary tools to measure these dimensions, the study has employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method approach. In the qualitative part, the thematic analysis method is used to identify market-industry dimensions and in the quantitative part, partial least squares method is used to assess the impact of them on commercialization success. In qualitative section, interview with 14 incumbents who deeply engaged in the two successful commercialization projects were considered as research sample and in quantitative section the survey on 51 nanotechnology projects has done. The research found three market dimensions including market structure, market size and market readiness. The model to high extent explained commercialization success. The results showed that market readiness and market size have the greatest impact on commercialization success, and market structure did not have a significant impact on it. Exploring the thematic network of market and simultaneously assessing the effect of market dimensions on commercialization is one of the most important values of the study especially in developing context. The main limitation of the study is the low number and diversity of the sample in quantitative part.

Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to understand the dimensions and indicators of social loafing and to explore the factors affecting it in the public sector of the oil refining and distribution industry. Design/methodology/Approach: The present study has a mixed approach, the qualitative part of which has been done by thematic analysis method, and the quantitative part has been done according to the pattern identified in the qualitative part. In the qualitative part, subject literature and semi-structured interviews were used, purposeful and snowball interviews were done with industry experts and in quantitative part a questionnaire was designed based on extractive pattern and completed by public sector employees in the industry using cluster sampling method. Research Findings: As a result of data analysis, eight indicators, two dimensions (adequate and Competitive) and five factors (work, individual, organizational and managerial, group and social) were identified, which were confirmed in quantitative part by validity and accuracy of structural equation modeling. Limitations & Consequences: The qualitative part is based on the interpretive paradigm and in this section, researcher’ s mentality and their assumptions have been influential in extracting the concepts, the length of the research questionnaire and the cross-sectional nature of the data reduces the reliability of the results. Practical Consequences: Reduction individual effort in groups compared to individual work is a common problem in workgroups. Identifying the nature and factors affecting it can reduce this destructive phenomenon in organizations. Innovation or value of the Article: This study adds to the research by examining the conceptualization of social loafing and the wide range of factors influencing this phenomenon in the organizational workplace.